As the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) continues its dynamic transformation, travellers from around the region are visiting the country to seize new opportunities. In Q1 2023, the influx of tourists to Saudi Arabia increased steeply from 2.5 million in 2022 to an incredible 7.8 million. This surge in tourism presents a golden opportunity for business, however, it is vital to know the country’s traditions to avoid any inadvertent breaches of etiquette.

Cultural awareness in Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia is an Islamic country with a rich Muslim heritage, and its business culture reflects these Islamic traditions. When visiting, remember to show respect for local customs and be careful not to schedule meetings during prayer times or religious holidays.

Be considerate of dress codes and modest behaviour. At meetings, men should wear suits with long-sleeved shirts, ties, and polished shoes and be well-groomed. Women should avoid tight-fitting clothes and dress in loose-fitting, ankle-length dresses, skirts or trousers. Blouses with long sleeves and high necklines are recommended. It is always advisable to err on the side of conservatism. Women may also wish to carry a cardigan to ensure their arms can be covered.

Healthcare professionals also follow modest dress codes aligned with cultural values. White lab coats are worn, and females tend to wear longer sleeves and higher necklines. Women may also wear a coordinated hijab or headscarf to ensure cultural sensitivity. Regardless of gender, it is important to maintain a neat, professional appearance, avoid excessive accessories or loud clothing, and keep makeup and perfume subtle.

Building business relationships

Developing relationships and connections are important in Saudi business culture. Taking the time to become acquainted with Saudi counterparts can have a positive impact and help drive results. However, building relationships can also take a considerable amount of time. If you are invited to socialise outside of work, perhaps at a dinner, it is advisable to accept the invitation.

Socialising and networking are common and can help strengthen these relationships. Important business negotiations can take time as they may involve consultations with top executives who have the decision-making power. It is imperative to build strong relationships and respect the hierarchy. Being patient is key, so be prepared for extended discussions and avoid rushing the process.

Adapt to the market

Existing brand strategies may fall short of connecting with the Saudi audience. With this in mind, companies entering the market may benefit from taking a slightly different approach. For example, companies could craft new branding and fresh content that appeals more to the country’s cultural values. Being adaptable and proactive mitigates the risk of unintentionally offending the target audience.

The working week

While many countries follow a Monday-to-Friday working week, Saudi Arabia operates differently — Friday and Saturday are their weekend days. This can be a challenge, so be mindful when scheduling business meetings with individuals from Saudi Arabia and other global regions.

Formal greetings

Greetings in Saudi Arabia are normally formal and polite. Use titles when addressing individuals, especially when meeting the person for the first time. Handshakes are also common in a business environment, but they may be less firm than in Western cultures. Only shake hands with a female if the woman extends her hand first.

Flexible meeting times

Punctuality is held in high regard when doing business around the world, however, meetings in Saudi can start later than the scheduled time. A good tip is to always be patient and, in case there is a delay, be understanding. It is advisable to arrive on time regardless and use the waiting period to socialise or network with others.

Gifts and hospitality

Offering gifts such as perfume, watches and ‘oud’, a type of incense, is common practice in Saudi Arabia. Although men should avoid gifting perfume to women with whom they do not have a close relationship. If presenting a gift, choose something of high quality and be respectful of local customs. Invitations to meals or gatherings can also help to build rapport.

Language and communication

Arabic is the official language and while many Saudis do speak fluent English, it would be helpful to learn some basic Arabic phrases as a sign of respect. Maintain a polite tone in all communications and avoid any confrontational language. The most widely spread greeting is a handshake and the phrase “Assalamu Alaikum” (May peace be upon you), to which the reply is “Wa 'alaikum assalaam” (And peace be upon you). Other words and phrases include: Marhaba (hello); my name is (ismi [your name]); yes (na’am); no (la); please (min fadlik); and thank you, (shukran).

Adhering to business etiquette in Saudi Arabia is fundamental for successful business relationships. Always respect local customs, maintain professionalism and prioritise building trust through personal connections. By following this guide, you can become more confident in the Saudi business environment and look forward to forging successful partnerships.

This article appears in the latest issue of the Omnia Health Magazine, read more here

Back to Management

Mental healthcare is on the verge of a significant transformation with algorithms emerging as potential allies in the treatment process. However, the inherent bias in generative AI poses a critical question: what are the implications for patient outcomes? 

The crisis of mental health 

Individualised treatment plans are crucial in helping individuals with mental health conditions manage their symptoms and lead fulfilling lives. Early support has been proven to yield long-term benefits. Unfortunately, up to 50 per cent of individuals in high-income countries and over 75 per cent in low-income countries never receive the care they need. 

Related: Top 5 AI-driven medical innovations in the United States

Stigma and inadequate funding remain significant barriers to accessing mental health services. The global health sector has traditionally neglected mental health, especially during times of conflict, natural disasters, and emergencies. Paradoxically, the demand for mental health support doubles during these periods, while resources for care are at their lowest. In 2020, despite the pandemic's isolation and loss, governments allocated just over two per cent of their health budgets to mental health. In low-income countries, the scarcity of resources results in less than one mental healthcare worker for every 100,000 people. 

Scalable support for mental health 

Harnessing the transformative potential of generative AI can help bridge these treatment gaps. With its anonymity and privacy, app-based healthcare helps combat the stigma associated with seeking help. The around-the-clock availability of chatbots helps reach as many individuals in need as possible. However, is an app alone enough to provide quality care? 

While chatbots can offer valuable triage and immediate support, they cannot replace human interaction in therapy. The goal of healthtech should be to alleviate administrative burdens on healthcare providers, allowing them to focus on acute care, according to Dr. Dawn Branley-Bell, Chair of Cyberpsychology at the British Psychological Society. “Chatbots are one of the ways in which AI can be used to aid healthcare processes, for example, by helping signpost patients to the most appropriate services based on their symptoms. Reducing workload increases staff capacity and time to dedicate to the most vital tasks.” 

Branley-Bell collaborates with Northumbria University's Psychology and Communication Technology (PaCT) Lab to explore using chatbots to encourage individuals to seek advice for stigmatised health conditions. “Being able to talk to a chatbot first may help individuals make that sometimes difficult first step towards diagnosis or treatment.” 

Related: AI leads the way in advancing early disease detection

In January of this year, Limbic Access, a UK-based AI mental health chatbot, obtained Class IIa UKCA medical device certification and was deployed across the underfunded National Health Service (NHS) in the UK to streamline mental health referrals. Limbic Access uses machine learning to analyse digital conversations to support patient self-referral. The chatbot reportedly achieves a 93 per cent accuracy rate in classifying common mental health issues treated by the NHS Talking Therapies programme.  

Given the overwhelming demand for this service, which received 1.24 million referrals in 2021 (a 21.5 per cent increase from the previous year), the introduction of the AI therapy bot yielded significant improvements. Audited clinical data from over 60,000 referrals revealed a 53 per cent increase in recovery rates and a 45 per cent reduction in treatment changes compared to traditional telephone calls and online forms. 

Exploring ‘affective’ computing 

Tech evangelists in the sector are swiftly developing phone- and wearable-based mental health monitoring and treatment solutions through affective computing, a field projected to reach a value of US$37 billion by 2026. Affective computing, also known as emotion AI, uses technology to recognise and respond to human emotions. Voice sensors, sentiment analysis, facial recognition, and machine learning algorithms mine data from facial expressions, speech patterns, posture, heart rate, and eye movements. For example, Companion Mx analyses users' voices to detect signs of anxiety, while Sentio Solutions combines physiological signals with automated interventions to manage stress and anxiety. Devices like the Muse EEG-powered headband provide live feedback on brain activity to guide users toward mindful meditation, and the Apollo Neuro ankle band monitors heart rate variability to offer stress relief through vibrations.  

Additionally, digital therapy is now available at the tap of a finger. App-based conversational agents like Woebot replicate the principles of cognitive behavioural therapy, offering guidance on sleep, worry, and stress. These chatbots use sophisticated natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning techniques to understand user emotions.  

The University of Southern California created a virtual avatar therapist named Ellie who can interpret nonverbal cues and respond appropriately by offering affirmations or thoughtful responses. This offers a glimpse into the future of virtual therapists. However, if experts in the field still debate how emotions are felt and expressed across diverse populations, the foundation of emotionally intelligent computing may be shaky at best. 

AI and inclusive mental healthcare 

Searches for relaxation, OCD, and mindfulness apps saw significant spikes in 2020, reflecting their popularity beyond the pandemic. Many businesses now provide digital mental health tools to their employees as an investment in recouping productivity losses caused by employee burnout.  

However, while these digital services aim to fill the gaps in mental healthcare, they may inadvertently create new disparities. Devices designed for emotion regulation, such as the MUSE headband and the Apollo Neuro band, come with a hefty price tag of US$250 and US$349, respectively. Cheaper guided meditation or conversational bot-based apps often serve as self-treatment alternatives. Additionally, many smartphone-based services hide behind paywalls and require subscription fees to access the full content, limiting their democratisation. 

When good AI goes bad 

As more of these tools emerge in an increasingly lucrative market, experts warn that a cash grab may dilute the ethics of mental healthcare delivery. According to research by the American Psychological Association, only 2.08 per cent of the over 20,000 mental health apps available to mobile users have published, peer-reviewed evidence supporting their efficacy.  

A study of 69 depression apps published in BMC Medicine revealed that only 7 per cent included more than three suicide prevention strategies, while six gave inaccurate information about how to contact suicide hotlines. These unregulated and inaccurate apps were reportedly downloaded more than two million times. 

In June of this year, the American National Eating Disorders Association (NEDA) declared that AI would completely replace its human workforce. However, in less than a week, the association pulled its chatbot from its support hotline for dispensing dangerous advice about eating disorders. Sharon Maxwell, an eating disorder campaigner, was the first to warn that the chatbot gave her counterintuitive advice. “If I had accessed this chatbot when I was in the throes of my eating disorder, I would not have gotten help for (it). If I had not gotten help, I would not still be alive today,” Maxwell wrote in her tell-all Instagram post. “Every single thing (the chatbot) suggested were things that led to my eating disorder.” 

A 2022 report tested how AI suggestions affect emergency judgments when individuals call for medical or police help during mental health emergencies. The web-based trial tested the decision-making of a mix of physicians and non-experts with and without prescriptive or descriptive AI recommendations. Participants who used AI recommendations were encouraged to call the police in situations involving certain ethnicities instead of offering medical help. These results show that while discriminatory AI in a realistic health context can lead to poor outcomes for marginalised minorities, properly phrasing model recommendations can reduce the AI system's underlying bias.  

Emotion AI systems struggle to capture the diversity of human emotional experiences and often reflect the cultural biases of their programmers. Voice inflections and gestures differ among cultures, posing challenges for affective computer systems to interpret emotions accurately. AI is not yet sophisticated enough to replicate the spontaneity and natural flow of talk therapy conversations, says Dr. Adam Miner, a clinical psychologist at Stanford. He highlights the limitations of AI in capturing the crucial context and judgment necessary for a comprehensive understanding.  

“An AI system may capture a person’s voice and movement, likely related to a diagnosis like major depressive disorder. But without more context and judgment, crucial information can be left out,” he says. Ultimately, psychology is a blend of science and intuition that cannot be analysed through emotional data alone. Treatments depend on the therapeutic alliance between patient and practitioner, which most technologies overlook as they go human-free.  

Algorithm aversion and human biases 

Machines often outperform humans in decision-making, yet humans tend to mistrust AI, leading to a tendency to override algorithmic decisions, according to researchers at ESMT Berlin. This bias, known as algorithm aversion, hampers the ability to leverage machine intelligence effectively.  

“Often, we see a tendency for humans to override algorithms, which can be typically attributed to an intrinsic mistrust of machine-based predictions,” says researcher ​​Francis de Véricourt. “This bias may not be the sole reason for inappropriately and systematically overriding an algorithm. It may also be the case that we are simply not learning how to effectively use machines correctly when our learning is based solely on the correctness of the machine’s predictions.” 

Researchers emphasise the need for human decision-makers to account for AI advice and continually learn from its intelligence. Trusting AI's decision-making ability is crucial for improving accuracy and optimising collaboration between humans and machines. 

These findings shed light on the importance of human-machine collaboration and guide us in determining when to trust AI and when to rely on human judgment. Understanding these dynamics can enhance the use of AI in decision-making. In the realm of mental healthcare, where concerns about AI bias persist, such insights become even more relevant for practitioners. 

This article appears in the latest issue of the Omnia Health Magazine, read more here

Back to Technology

In the evolving landscape of the flu vaccine market, the interplay of demand drivers, technological innovations, and supply chain enhancements is shaping the trajectory of this sector. Industry experts, Dr. Nawal Al Kaabi, Senior Consultant at UAE-based biotechnology company Hayat Biotech, and Fokion Sinis, Vaccines General Manager for Sanofi Greater Gulf, provide insights into these key factors, shedding light on its impact on global healthcare.

"The flu vaccine's market growth is primarily driven by the demand for influenza prevention, influenced by increased awareness of the vaccine's importance, government vaccination campaigns, and rising healthcare expenditure," says Dr. Al Kaabi. This demand, she notes, is underpinned by a trust in healthcare services, emphasising the need for strengthened healthcare worker engagement and educational initiatives.

Technological innovations have played a pivotal role in the sector's development. Dr. Al Kaabi states that analysing strains from the previous season, including cell-based and recombinant vaccines, has facilitated the development of more effective and convenient vaccines. "This highlights a strategic alignment with evolving healthcare needs and a commitment to leveraging cutting-edge technologies,” she says.

Related: The importance of pharmacy-based vaccinations

Supply chain enhancements, both regionally and globally, have focused on ensuring efficient production and distribution of vaccines, with a global supply chain addressing distribution disparities and regional variations in flu strains. In regions with advanced healthcare infrastructure, these factors have led to significant growth, while in developing regions, access to vaccines and awareness remain key challenges and impact.

The interplay between demand for flu vaccines, increased coverage, optimised supply chains, and technological innovations, according to Dr. Al Kaabi, has substantial implications for global public health. It contributes to a more resilient and responsive healthcare system, reducing the burden of influenza-related complications and related healthcare costs. “Enhancing disease prevention and reducing the strain on healthcare systems frees up resources for addressing other health challenges," she adds.

Fokion Sinis, underscores the broader impact of immunisations, stating that it serves to enhance the competencies and knowledge of healthcare professionals, acting as a proactive measure to reduce the risk of potential outbreaks and creating a safer learning environment.

Collaborations between healthcare providers, public health agencies, and educational institutions play a pivotal role in this process, extending the power of life-saving vaccinations to as many as possible.

Sinis further notes the commitment of pharmaceutical and healthcare companies to a world free from vaccine-preventable diseases. "They are designing vaccination programs aligned with healthcare goals, crucial for boosting flu vaccination rates among school-aged children," he affirms.

Related: Driving faster vaccine development key to reaping economic benefits

These efforts include implementing reminder systems, utilising electronic health records, and ensuring a consistent vaccine supply to enhance immunisation rates.

In the context of these global efforts, the Dubai Health Authority (DHA) is actively leading a comprehensive campaign to vaccinate against seasonal influenza. Dr. Butti Al Suwaidi, a Public Health Specialist at the DHA, emphasises the campaign's significance as part of ongoing efforts to enhance health security and reduce the spread of infectious diseases, it is crucial in protecting the community.

 Dr. Al Suwaidi urges individuals, especially those at higher risk, to take the initiative and receive the influenza vaccine, aligning with global collaborative efforts against preventable diseases.

 

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Back to Management

The integration of AI in the healthcare industry could yield remarkable savings for the United States, projected at a staggering US$360 billion. This insight emerged in a report by researchers from McKinsey and Harvard. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are revolutionising medical devices, drug development, diagnosis and treatment. By automating tasks, they complement healthcare practitioners’ work, promising to advance decision-making, cut costs and enhance the patient experience.  

Related: AI leads the way in advancing early disease detection

AI-powered medical devices 

In 2022, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorised 91 medical devices equipped with AI or ML capabilities. This category covers important algorithms and sophisticated machine-learning tools. One such example is an atrial fibrillation history feature incorporated into the Apple Watch. Another tool designed by Aidoc, a radiology AI company, received FDA clearance for its AI-powered feature, designed to detect collapsed lungs on X-ray images. This streamlines the diagnostic process and allows physicians to prioritise critical images.  

AI-generated digital biomarkers 

The fusion of physiological data with lifestyle and environmental factors is paving the way for deep phenotyping. Coupled with genomics, this is set to take healthcare to new heights. Bloomer Tech is combining cutting-edge fabric technology with ML to transform clothes, for example, women's bras, into wearable medical devices. AI's role in generating digital biomarkers promises transformative impacts, especially for diseases that disproportionately affect women. Bloomer Tech’s focus lies in the cardiovascular system in women, given the challenges in diagnostics and treatment. The company aims to shift from limited biomarkers analysed in labs to AI-driven insights taken from clothing. This shift could revolutionise healthcare by enabling proactive and pre-emptive care. 

AI in clinical decision support 

AI-based Clinical Decision Support Software (CDSS) is another innovation with the potential to transform patient care by analysing historical, current and incoming patient data. The software can identify safety concerns, errors and spot opportunities for enhancing care pathways. AI CDSS could improve the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of specific medical conditions. The FDA issued new guidance stating certain AI tools should be regulated as medical devices, in particular those predicting sepsis, patient deterioration, and heart failure. This change reflects the growing use of AI and ML, which can improve performance through learning from experience. 

Drug development revolutionised by AI 

AI can accelerate the development of new drugs and the technology is reshaping the process, driving significant improvements. Drug development takes 12 to 18 years, costing US$2 to US$3 billion, with only 10 per cent approval. AI can speed up R&D, cut costs and boost the chances of drug approval. COVID-19 accelerated AI adoption in drug discovery, a turning point for the pharmaceutical industry. In February 2020, Eli Lilly's Olumiant was identified by UK-based start-up BenevolentAI as a potential COVID-19 treatment, receiving FDA Emergency Use Authorisation in just three days. 

AI's impact on value-based care 

Integrating AI into value-based care models is another ground-breaking innovation. AI has enormous potential for enhancing operational efficiency and patient outcomes, creating shared savings opportunities. The healthcare sector is realising the advantages of using AI to analyse health trends and deliver superior, value-based care. David Friede, Vice President of Strategic Partnerships for the DrOwl app, highlights one example where AI creates a digital twin of a patient, enabling the exploration of treatments and outcomes. This approach enhances the patient journey and overall healthcare experience. 

Related: The current status and future potential of AI in medical imaging

As these AI-powered advancements unfold, the influence of AI in healthcare is nothing short of revolutionary. Advancements promise to reshape healthcare, enabling a future where innovation, precision and patient-centric care are paramount. AI is expected to strengthen, not replace, human judgement leading to quicker, more informed decisions, lower costs, and ultimately enhanced patient care. 

This article appears in the latest issue of the Omnia Health Magazine, read more here

Back to Technology

According to the latest global health report from WHO, the majority of the world might not reach the 2023 target for life quality and expectancy, meaning we urgently need a solution to improve the population's health and wellness. During the COVID pandemic, healthcare professionals, researchers, and policymakers agreed that telehealth is one of the essential tools in population health management. Remote patient monitoring (RPM) devices proved then to be particularly vital for ensuring patient security and reducing hospitalisations. What’s more, since the pandemic is over, these gadgets have not lost their importance, as we now uncovered more ways they can be used to improve population health and quality of life. 

What are remote patient monitoring devices?

Remote patient monitoring (RPM) devices enable the continuous supervision of a patient's vitals (e.g., blood pressure and glucose, oxygenation levels, heart rate, temperature) outside the clinical facility. The most widely used RPM devices are smartwatches and fitness trackers, thermometers, pressure cuffs, and glucometers. As the technology becomes more advanced and widespread around the world, more devices are added to the list, like smart rings and scales, ECGs and stethoscopes, breathing monitors, and prenatal monitoring devices.

Health determinants improved with RPM 

Health determinants are factors that influence an individual's health and include socio-economic status, physical environment, personal characteristics, and lifestyle. RPM technology can bring about significant impact in the following areas:

• Positive lifestyle changes
• Better access to healthcare services in underserved areas
• Improved comfort and quality of life of chronically ill patients

Positive lifestyle changes

Obesity and lack of physical activity are major health concerns worldwide, as they are linked to cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. These non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have doubled their disease burden in the last couple of decades and are two of the main causes of death worldwide. Health monitoring devices like smartwatches and simpler gadgets like pedometers can give people insight into their daily activities and motivate them to move more. 

Related: Five tips for successful telehealth implementation

The 2022 study published in the Lancet shows that people who wore activity-tracking devices took on average 1,800 more steps per day, walked 40 additional minutes, and exercised six minutes longer than those without a gadget. More importantly, over the course of six months, the participants kept to this regimen, which had a positive effect on their cardiovascular health. Taking the usual timeline for forming habits into consideration, researchers suggested that the participants will continue adhering to the created positive routines. 

Remote accessibility of healthcare

Getting to the doctor’s office is an issue for billions of patients. According to the 2021 survey by the University of Minnesota Rural Health Research Center, transportation is the top access barrier between medical care and patients living in rural communities. The situation is even worse in the countries that have less developed infrastructures or fewer means of transportation. 

Not being able to contact their healthcare provider frequently causes higher levels of stress that lower people’s quality of life and contributes to late diagnosis or misdiagnosis. In the long run, this leads to more extended hospitalisation, treatment complications, increased medical expenses, and higher health risks. In the meantime, remote monitoring devices can provide insights into patients’ conditions without the need to go to the doctor’s office or lab and notify patients and physicians when the situation is urgent. Here are a couple of prominent examples:
 

• Electronic thermometers help diagnose potentially dangerous inflammatory conditions and are vital to accurately assess the health state of young children that cannot communicate other symptoms. 
• Wearable thermometers connected to mHealth apps also aid in understanding the menstrual cycle patterns for family planning and health purposes.
• Heart rate and blood pressure monitors enable patients to detect negative changes in their vitals early and reach out to their care providers or self-medicate, preventing the risk of heart attacks, strokes, hypertension, and other common dangerous conditions.

Some remote monitoring devices are not necessarily affordable by the household and can instead be placed at the disposal of a general practice physician, a chiropractor, or a nurse in medically underserved communities. Such devices include: 

• Portable EEG to spot epilepsy and other neurological conditions, detect the onset of episodes early, and manage them more effectively.
• EKG to better understand patients’ heart conditions and redirect them to a specialist if necessary.
• Foetal heart monitoring device to check for possible pregnancy complications.

Improved life quality for patients with chronic conditions

According to CDC, 51.8 per cent of US adults are diagnosed with at least one chronic condition, which is known to greatly undermine one’s quality of life. Remote patient monitoring devices help such patients understand their condition better, detect signs of its aggravation early, and receive timely treatment without frequently visiting a doctor's office or staying bedridden for longer periods of time for observation.

• Glucometers enable diabetics to keep track of their blood sugar at home, making it easier to avoid sharp glucose spikes and falls and reducing the harmful influence of this condition on patients’ nervous and muscle tissue and other organs.
• Asthma monitoring devices notify their users about a possible attack early, giving them more time to prepare and manage the episode better or seek professional help.
• Stability monitors help people with motor dysfunction understand if their condition gets better or worse and notify caretakers in case of a fall or other accident.

What’s next for RPM devices?

Thanks to their portable nature and relatively low cost, remote patient monitoring devices enable patients to manage their condition from any location and reduce physical and mental barriers between patients and healthcare. This plays a major role in disease prevention – a key strategy for improving healthcare worldwide. 

Related: The latest trends in remote patient monitoring

The global RPM devices market is currently growing at an 18.9 per cent CAGR, according to Fortune Business Insights, meaning their proliferation among the developed countries’ populations will continue. However, healthcare industry players need to make such solutions more affordable for underserved communities that need them the most and educate patients and medical professionals on their benefits and correct usage. 

Andrey Korzun is the Head of Healthcare Center of Excellence at iTransition.

 

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Back to Technology

Domestic tourism significantly drives the economy in the United States, contributing to the hospitality, transport, F&B, and entertainment sectors. According to the US State Department, only 37 per cent of the population holds a valid passport and Americans who choose to travel within the country's borders significantly boost the economy as revenue circulates within local communities.  

In 2020, domestic tourism was valued at US$1,226.1 billion and is projected to reach US$6,736.1 billion by 2030, according to Allied Market Research. However, during the summer of 2023, several tourism operators noted that domestic tourism demand had softened, as the world dealt with pent-up demand from the COVID-19 pandemic. Between January and May 2023, 36 million Americans travelled abroad, up 35 per cent from the same period last year, according to the US National Travel and Tourism Office. 

Yves Marceau, Vice President of Product for G Adventures, said tour operators had noticed a decline in domestic travel demand, with many travellers expressing a preference for international destinations this year, as reported by Skift.com. He added: “What we are hearing from our teams is that people are saying ‘I am going to go international this year.’” This shift resulted in decreased numbers in domestic travel, as observed across destinations such as Yellowstone, Jackson and San Francisco. 

Related: Top factors that drive destination diversity in medical tourism

Despite this rise in international travel, a report by IBIS World revealed the total number of domestic trips undertaken by US residents in 2023, totalled 794 million. This figure reflects a steady growth rate of 0.3 per cent from 2018 to 2023.  

Popular domestic travel segments include leisure and business travel — it is predicted there will be over two billion combined trips by 2024, plus camping and national holiday travel which are hugely popular. Despite a dip due to COVID-19, in 2020, travel around the Thanksgiving holiday alone exceeded 50 million.  

The rise of experiential travel  

Travel preferences are changing as domestic tourists look to go beyond the typical beach holidays and tourist hotspots. Sustainable and eco-friendly travel has seen a rise and AI-powered apps are simplifying the travel planning process. The Roam Around platform generates tailored itineraries in seconds and with over four million itineraries already generated, this is one of the largest and smartest AI travel planners on the market. Smart tech isn't just transforming travel, it is reshaping how travellers explore, with each interaction designed for ease and satisfaction. Travel companions like this have the power to enhance experiences and make every adventure extraordinary. These trends showcase the shift that domestic travel is making towards more authentic, mindful and tech-enhanced travel experiences. 

Medical tourism, AI and healthtech advancements 

The US has seen an uptick in inbound, outbound and domestic medical tourists. With over 6,000 hospitals, extensive healthcare options attract those looking for specialised cancer and cardiology procedures among others. States including Florida, California and New York have emerged as hotspots for this medical tourism trend. Renowned for cutting-edge medical facilities, they have attracted a steady influx of medical tourists. As a result, cash flows in the form of transport, F&B and even extended holidays after the recovery period, are driving economic growth.  

In 2023, AI in the healthcare market is projected to exceed US$20 million, revolutionising drug discovery, disease detection, and treatment. AI can predict trial outcomes and drug side effects, analyse medical images, detect diseases in X-rays or MRI scans, and help to diagnose and treat disorders from Parkinson's to Alzheimer's. Healthtech is also on the rise in the form of wearable devices. Fitness bands provide easy monitoring of heart rates, sleep, step counts and even blood glucose levels. These metrics encourage goal setting and more open discussions with healthcare professionals. Some health insurers in the US have even incentivised wearables, such as UnitedHealthcare's Motion programme where people can earn money for out-of-pocket medical expenses, simply by moving more. 

Related: Medical travel: the latest trends and hotspots revealed

Looking ahead, it is important for business leaders to leverage technology and explore how it can be used to enhance the experiences and streamline operations. Investments could be considered in online booking systems, mobile apps, and virtual tours to meet today’s digital demands. To navigate the future successfully, business leaders should embrace health and safety through rigorous cleanliness standards, implement contactless procedures and ensure a diverse offering including wellness-themed services to capture the growing segment of health-conscious travellers. Keeping up to date with evolving tourism trends, understanding the demand for sustainable travel, and introducing innovative new concepts like remote “work-cations” is also important. Businesses should be agile, remain flexible, and consider strategies such as dynamic pricing to meet ever-changing demands.  

Keeping the customer at the heart of every decision, actively seeking feedback, listening to reviews and using data-driven insights are essential practices to thrive in the ever-changing landscape of the travel industry. 

 

This article appears in the latest issue of the Omnia Health Magazine, read more here

Back to Management

In a recent finding published in PLOS Biology, scientists at the University of Birmingham revealed that a particular strain, known as MDR ST131, can readily colonise new hosts even if those hosts already have E.coli present in their healthy gut.

The international team, led by experts at the University of Birmingham, used a mouse model to help understand why strains of E.coli that live in a healthy gut are rapidly overtaken when challenged with a multi-drug resistant strain.

Lead author Professor Alan McNally, from the Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy at the University of Birmingham, commented: “Antibiotic resistance has been hailed as one of the biggest health problems of our time by the World Health Organisation. There are further problems looming unless we get a better understanding of what is happening so that further drug resistance can be halted in its tracks.

Related: Addressing antimicrobial resistance and its impact on human vulnerability

“Scientists have long questioned what makes certain types of E. coli successful multi-drug resistant pathogens. It seems that extra-intestinal pathogenic E.coli that cause urinary tract and bloodstream infections are particularly successful when it comes to developing resistance and are therefore especially tricky to treat. Our study provides evidence that certain types of E.coli are more prone to develop antibiotic resistance than others.”

Most cases of E. coli infections are mild, but some strains can cause severe symptoms and even life-threatening complications. More severe infections are usually treated with antibiotics but the rise in multidrug resistance strains of E.coli is concerning. Multidrug-resistant strains are resistant to many different types of antibiotics, making them very difficult to treat.

Previous work shows that multi-drug resistance alone is not sufficient to drive strains to complete dominance. This most recent study demonstrates that regardless of multi-drug resistant status, certain types of E.coli will outcompete others to live in the human gut.

The work was completed in parts. First, both multi-drug resistant and non-resistant gut-dwelling E.coli were found to easily colonise a mammalian gut. The study also found that the multi-drug resistant strain was found to efficiently displace an already established gut-dwelling E.coli from the mouse intestinal tract. The study provided further details to demonstrate that multidrug resistant lineages of extraintestinal E.coli have particular genetic differences that appear to give them a competitive advantage.

Related: Protecting immunocompromised MENA patients critical for future

Successful strains of E.coli need to be able to spread between individuals or from the environment into individual hosts. The new study demonstrates that a particular strain, known as MDR ST131, can readily colonise new hosts, even if those hosts are already have E.coli in their healthy gut.

E.coli are bacteria commonly found in the environment, foods and intestines of people and animals. There are many different types of E. coli. Although most strains of E. coli are harmless, others can cause illness, including diarrhoea, urinary tract infections, and often-fatal blood stream infections.

 

 

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Saudi Arabia's median age is just shy of 31, and 63 per cent of its population is under 30. This suggests that the kingdom’s workforce is poised for a huge tranche of young talent. As the Saudi economy aims to pivot away from its traditional oil-centric foundation, the healthcare sector surfaces as an ideal environment for professional growth and robust economic outcomes. 

Driven by both domestic demand and regional medical tourism trends, healthcare in Saudi Arabia is on an upward swing, with revenue projected to reach US$333.30 million this year. However, according to a new estimate, Saudi Arabia will require an additional 175,000 doctors, nurses, and other medical professionals by 2030 to address shortages and meet the healthcare needs of its rising population. The Saudi government's substantial investments in healthcare infrastructure, technological innovation, and educational upliftment have fomented a climate ripe for young talent to venture into an array of healthcare roles.  

Related: Five tips for successful telehealth implementation

Advancements in technology, such as artificial intelligence, robotics, telemedicine, and data analytics, are transforming the way healthcare services are delivered, improving patient outcomes, and increasing efficiency. As a result, new career opportunities are emerging, requiring a blend of technical skills and healthcare expertise. 

The demand for skills in Saudi Arabia’s workforce is rapidly shifting from traditional studies in the humanities and behavioural science to subjects like artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics. Mansoor Ahmed, Colliers Executive Director (MEA) and Head of Development Solutions explains that evidence-based Research & Development (R&D) studies are gaining popularity in tandem with Saudi Arabia’s economic transformation agenda in Vision 2030 and changing market demand. “This will reduce the ‘mismatch’ of degrees attained and the requirements of the employment market,” he says.  

When it comes to access to quality healthcare, Ahmed stresses the value of human capital. “Without the availability of qualified and specialised human resources, even the best medical facilities with the most advanced medical equipment are not enough. The demand will be even higher as a part of the Saudization drive in the healthcare sector as the majority of these jobs must be filled by Saudi nationals.”  
Seventy-three per cent of the kingdom’s current healthcare workforce are foreign nationals so getting young Saudi talent into these professions is crucial for the sector’s growth.  

As Saudi Arabia adopts new medical technologies, training programmes and short courses can potentially plug the skills gap in areas like AI, data analytics, robotic medicine, genome sequencing and other cutting-edge health tech. Since 2021, Saudi Arabia has invested US$3.9 billion in R&D and in state-of-the-art biotech clusters like the Saudi Human Genome Program and the Saudi Network for Clinical Trials.  

Related: Homegrown healthtech start-ups fuel digital health transformation

“Biotechnologies, with their ability to develop groundbreaking technologies and medical products, can revolutionise not just the national non-oil economy, but everything from the chemicals industry to agriculture, food security, and human health,” says Dr. Walid Tohme, Partner with PWC’s Strategy& Middle East. 

The scale of investment and regulatory development already implemented in Saudi Arabia are already helping to streamline the country’s capacity for trials, testing, and bioethics – and the nation’s educational ecosystem is ahead of the curve. 

Strategy&’s research shows that 47 per cent of entry-level jobs in biosciences require advanced degrees, compared with 27 per cent in other industries. This high barrier to entry may dissuade young people from exploring careers in this space. The research suggests that there is a limited focus on the skill sets required to sustain a tech-driven healthcare sector. To supply this growing demand, Saudi Arabia may need to channel significant investments into promoting world-class education, particularly in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). 

To prepare young people for tech-driven healthcare careers, collaboration between educational institutions and industry is crucial. Healthcare companies can partner with universities and vocational training centers to develop specialised programmes that equip students with the necessary skills and knowledge. These programmes should incorporate hands-on training, internships, and mentorship opportunities to bridge the gap between academic learning and real-world practice. 

The future of healthcare careers in Saudi Arabia lies in the intersection of technology and healthcare expertise. As the country strives to achieve its Vision 2030 goals, there is a pressing need to empower the youth and prepare them for tech-driven healthcare roles. By investing in education, promoting digital literacy, providing mentorship, and creating a supportive work environment, healthcare companies can enable young professionals to thrive in this rapidly evolving sector.  

Emerging tech-driven healthcare jobs 

Health Informatics Specialists 

Health informatics is a rapidly growing field that combines healthcare, information technology, and data analytics. Health informatics specialists manage and analyse data to improve patient care, enhance operational efficiency, and drive evidence-based decision-making. They are responsible for designing and implementing health information systems, ensuring data security and privacy, and using data to identify trends and patterns. 

Telemedicine Practitioners 

Telemedicine practitioners use technology to provide remote diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of patients. They conduct virtual consultations, review medical records, and prescribe medications, leveraging video conferencing, mobile apps, and remote monitoring devices. Telemedicine practitioners need a strong understanding of medical principles, excellent communication skills, and proficiency in using telehealth platforms. 

Medical Robotics Engineers 

Medical robotics is widely used in surgical procedures, diagnostics, and rehabilitation. In Saudi Arabia, there is a growing demand for skilled engineers who can design, develop, and operate medical robots. These professionals work closely with healthcare providers to develop robotic systems that improve surgical precision, reduce recovery time, and enhance patient outcomes. Medical robotics engineers need a background in engineering, robotics, and healthcare to bridge the gap between technology and medicine. 

Data Analysts in Healthcare 

As the healthcare sector generates vast amounts of data, the need for skilled data analysts who can derive actionable insights from this data is essential. Data analysts are responsible for collecting, organising, and analysing healthcare data to identify trends, patterns, and areas for improvement. They work closely with healthcare professionals to develop data-driven strategies, optimise resource allocation, and enhance patient care. A strong background in data analytics, statistics, and healthcare is essential for success in this role. 

This article appears in the latest issue of the Omnia Health Magazine, read more here

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Telehealth has rapidly evolved in recent years, with a variety of solutions flooding the healthcare market. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) made telehealth an integral part of its healthcare system, pursuing two major objectives: to make medical services more accessible and to give a chance to private organisations to find their place in the healthcare market. 

Still, many healthcare providers struggle with adopting and utilising telehealth solutions to their advantage. In order to benefit from a telehealth implementation, consider the tips from telehealth software developers with years of experience in the industry. 

Keep it simple 

Telehealth is a broad term, including various tools that can be united into one solution. Assess your organisation’s workflows to understand which systems you want to enhance with telehealth or determine which services you would like to add to a portfolio to determine what exactly you’re looking for in telehealth software. 

More isn’t always better. A large number of features crammed into one application, over-the-top designs, and unnecessary addition of complex technologies like AI or virtual reality negatively impact user experience and bloat the implementation budget. 

Related: Homegrown healthtech start-ups fuel digital health transformation

For example, dermatological organisations often require a platform for exchanging high-resolution videos and images and remote patient monitoring devices because they can only provide quality care with a thorough visual examination. At the same time, primary care practitioners usually don’t need such technology and use conversational apps and chatbots. 

Know your patients’ needs 

Each country has a special healthcare landscape, its unique challenges and requirements. As Saudi Arabia’s telehealth market started growing mainly as a reaction to the COVID-19 pandemic, a sufficient number of apps emerged to handle relevant patients' needs, e.g., vaccination schedules, primary care physician’s consultations, symptom tracking, travelling permits, etc. There are also a few wellness apps focused on improving population health by enabling people to track their vitals and understand the patterns of their bodies.  

Related: Embracing the future: Saudi Arabia's digital healthcare revolution

However, telehealth technologies haven't yet penetrated all the areas of the Saudi healthcare market. If you want to expand your service portfolio with telehealth, consider a high demand for telehealth services for cardiology, paediatric care, mental health, and chronic conditions management. 

Communicate with your personnel 

During the telehealth software implementation, including medical professionals in the process is paramount. Start by explaining the purpose of adopting new software. Medical professionals can be reluctant to accept changes to their workflows if they don’t see how they benefit them or their patients. Highlight the possibilities telehealth opens to improve the quality of care and working conditions. As doctors and nurses will use the solution on a daily basis, it is also vital to consider their feedback about the type of features and UI/UX design.  

Open communication between the medical and IT departments will ensure the smoother adoption of telehealth solutions. It also contributes to its practical usage after the implementation, along with sufficient training.  

Consider the infrastructure 

Telehealth solutions can’t exist in a vacuum. Before starting the telehealth adoption journey, evaluate your existing network, hardware, and software. For example, if the solution involves high-resolution video streaming, will your connectivity have enough capacity to handle it? Can you integrate other medical software with a new telehealth solution? If the answer is negative, don’t be quick to abandon the project.  

Including your infrastructure’s upgrade into the plan can benefit your organisation from multiple standpoints, even if it takes more time, effort, and costs. Software consultants can help determine the potential gains and downsides in situations involving multiple factors. 

Educate the patients 

For patient-facing telehealth solutions to positively impact patient outcomes and drive revenue for healthcare organisations, patients should be comfortable using them. The world population is ageing, which is also reflected in Saudi Arabia’s demographic. Hence, many patients are seniors not used to rapidly evolving technologies like telecare. Therefore, telehealth adopters should never skimp on educating their current and potential patients. Such efforts should pursue two main objectives: to inform patients about the app and its benefits and to teach them to use it properly.  

Many organisations delegate promotion and education solely to their administrative and marketing teams, judging that clinicians have too much on their plates already. Yet, people are more likely to trust their physicians, so medical personnel are the best ambassadors to persuade patients to try telehealth services and teach them how to use those apps properly. 

Summing up 

Studies prove that telemedicine improved patients’ experiences and health outcomes during the COVID pandemic in the KSA and has the potential to further benefit the Kingdom’s population. According to a Markets and Markets report, the telehealth market in Saudi Arabia is expected to grow at a CAGR of 25.5 per cent between 2022 and 2027. While experts don’t recommend making an investment decision based on this factor alone, it still shows the favourable state of the market at the moment. 

However, jumping on the bandwagon and developing or implementing new software without understanding your patients, personnel, and the regional healthcare landscape is never a good idea. Working closely with your clinicians, listening to your patients, and partnering with experienced telehealth consultants and implementation specialists will help you succeed in the telehealth adoption journey and get a quick return on investment.  

Sergey Ivanov is the Head of Healthcare Solutions Department at iTransition. 

 

This article appears in the latest issue of the Omnia Health Magazine, read more here

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